Verses and Geography supporting the North American model
There are two places that we know for sure were the Book of Mormon took place that would be the Hill Cumorah and Zarahemla found across from Nauvoo (D&C 125:3).
Based on were the Hill Cumorah is we can know where the land of desolation is and then we can know where the land Bountiful is, the west sea, the narrow neck and Zarahemla.
Ether chapter 15 talks about the Jaredites: how 2 million Jaredites were killed, and their bones being the land of Desolation. In the same chapter, it says that the Land of Desolation is located next to the Hill Cumorah because of Ether 15:11: Coriantumr camped next to the Hill Ramah, which it says is the same hill Mormon hid up the records.
Alma 63: 4–5 places the land of Desolation, Zarahemla, Bountiful, West Sea, and the narrow neck all within the same vicinity of land Desolation or the Hill Cumorah.
Alma 22: 27−28,32 Places Sea West, narrow strip of wilderness, Manti, River Sidon, Zarahemla, Fathers’ first inheritance, and the land of Desolation again all within the same vicinity of each other. This also means that it would be within a distant travel of the Hill Cumorah, not a 2500 mile migration.
Ether 9:34, Mosiah 18:4, and Alma 22:31 refer to migrating beasts, and a beast that they could survive off of. The verses also refer to seasons. Central America has no migrating land animals and its seasons are hot and hotter. North America has migrating Buffalo which was dependent upon the season. There was an estimated 60 million buffalo at one time that the American Indians used to sustain themselves. The US government attempted to wipe out the American Indians by killing off the buffalo.
Book of Mormon says that during certain times of the year there were frequent sickness and fevers. America has a season called the flu season known for sickness and fevers.
These verses probably refer to tornados: 3 Nephi 8:16, 2 Nephi 26:5, 3 Nephi 10:14 .Central America does not have tornados; North America has an area referred to as tornado alley.
For example: 3 Nephi 8:16 And there were some who were carried away in the whirlwind; and whither they went no man knoweth, save they know that they were carried away.
Alma 49:22, Alma 49:18, and Alma 48:8 refer to Nephites using banks of earth to enclose and fortify their cities. The Great Lakes Indian tribes used mounds of dirt to enclose their cities.
Alma 22:32 refers to the narrow strip of land only taking a day and a half to travel. It takes on average three weeks to traverse the narrowest part of Central America from the Pacific and to the Atlantic. It’s a 50 mile strip of land that includes jungle and a mountain range between the two oceans. On the other hand, the Great Lakes model offers strips of land between the Great Lakes that have suitable distances for a day and a half travel.
One of the largest earthquakes to ever hit the USA was along the New Madrid Fault along the Mississippi River in the 1800’s. During this earthquake that lasted many hours the Mississippi River flowed backwards, new lakes were made, and some lakes went dry. The New Madrid Fault erupts about every 300 years. Which means that it corresponds to the time that Christ would have visited the North American continent.
After spending two years gathering evidence for the Book of Mormon, I have spent the last two months on geographical locations of the Book of Mormon. Below is where I believe the major geographical landmarks mentioned in the Book of Mormon are located. I’m confident that the West Sea, Sea West, East Sea, Sea East, narrow neck, narrow passage, Waters of Mormon, city of Zarahemla, and the boundary line between the Land Bountiful and the Land Desolation are labeled correctly. I have not had enough time to thoroughly study the other land and their locations, so they are rough estimations.
Since I believe the Nephites are the Hopewell Indians and the tribes they traded with, I’m using the Hopewell interaction sphere and scriptural verses to place Book of Mormon lands. Keep in mind most locations presented are a hurried estimation.
Narrow Passage / Narrow Pass
Alma 50:34
34 And it came to pass that they did not head them until they had come to the borders of the land Desolation; and there they did head them, by the narrow pass which led by the sea into the land northward, yea, by the sea, on the west (Lake Huron) and on the east (Lake Erie).
Alma 52:9
9 And he also sent orders unto him that he should fortify the land Bountiful, and secure the narrow pass which led into the land northward, lest the Lamanites should obtain that point and should have power to harass them on every side.
Mormon 2:29
29 And the Lamanites did give unto us the land northward, yea, even to the narrow passage which led into the land southward. And we did give unto the Lamanites all the land southward.
Mormon 3:5
5 And it came to pass that I did cause my people that they should gather themselves together at the land Desolation, to a city which was in the borders, by the narrow pass which led into the land southward.
Narrow Neck
Ether 10:20
20 And they built a great city by the narrow neck of land, by the place where the sea (Lake Ontario) divides the land.
Alma 63:5
5 And it came to pass that Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea (Lake Michigan), by the narrow neck which led into the land northward.
Alma 50:34
33 Therefore Moroni sent an army, with their camp, to head the people of Morianton, to stop their flight into the land northward. 34 And it came to pass that they did not head them until they had come to the borders of the land Desolation; and there they did head them, by the narrow pass which led by the sea (Lake Ontario) into the land northward, yea, by the sea, on the west (Lake Huron) and on the east (Lake Erie).
Alma 22:27
27 And it came to pass that the king sent a proclamation throughout all the land, amongst all his people who were in all his land, who were in all the regions round about, which was bordering even to the sea, on the east (Lake Ontario) and on the west (Lake Michigan), and which was divided from the land of Zarahemla by a narrow strip of wilderness, which ran from the sea east (Lake Erie) even to the sea west (Lake Huron), and round about on the borders of the seashore, and the borders of the wilderness which was on the north by the land of Zarahemla, through the borders of Manti, by the head of the river Sidon(where Ohio River and Mississippi River meet), running from the east towards the west—and thus were the Lamanites and the Nephites divided.
Helaman 11:20
20 And thus it did come to pass that the people of Nephi began to prosper again in the land, and began to build up their waste places, and began to multiply and spread, even until they did cover the whole face of the land, both on the northward and on the southward, from the sea west (Lake Huron) to the sea east (Lake Erie).
Ether 2:13
13 And now I proceed with my record; for behold, it came to pass that the Lord did bring Jared and his brethren forth even to that great sea (Lake Ontario) which divideth the lands. And as they came to the sea they pitched their tents; and they called the name of the place Moriancumer; and they dwelt in tents, and dwelt in tents upon the seashore for the space of four years.
Alma 50:8
8 And the land of Nephi did run in a straight course from the east sea (Lake Ontario) to the west. 9 And it came to pass that when Moroni had driven all the Lamanites out of the east wilderness, which was north of the lands of their own possessions, he caused that the inhabitants who were in the land of Zarahemla and in the land round about should go forth into the east wilderness, even to the borders by the seashore, and possess the land. 10 And he also placed armies on the south, in the borders of their possessions, and caused them to erect fortifications that they might secure their armies and their people from the hands of their enemies. Moroni grabs those on the west and brings them to the area South of lake Ontario. He shores up the Narrow pass leading to the Land Bountiful, building fortifications in that area.
Ether 10:20
20 And they built a great city by the narrow neck of land, by the place where the sea (Lake Ontario) divides the land.
Alma 53:22
22 And now it came to pass that Helaman did march at the head of his two thousand stripling soldiers, to the support of the people in the borders of the land on the south by the west sea (Lake Michigan).
Helaman 4:7
7 And there they did fortify against the Lamanites, from the west sea (Lake Michigan), even unto the east; it being a day’s journey for a Nephite, on the line which they had fortified and stationed their armies to defend their north country.
Alma 50:13
13 And it came to pass that the Nephites began the foundation of a city, and they called the name of the city Moroni; and it was by the east sea (Lake Ontario); and it was on the south by the line of the possessions of the Lamanites.
Alma 52:11
11 And he also said unto him, I would come unto you, but behold, the Lamanites are upon us in the borders of the land by the west sea (Lake Michigan); and behold, I go against them, therefore I cannot come unto you.
Alma 53:8
8 And now it came to pass that the armies of the Lamanites, on the west sea (Lake Michigan), south, while in the absence of Moroni on account of some intrigue amongst the Nephites, which caused dissensions amongst them, had gained some ground over the Nephites, yea, insomuch that they had obtained possession of a number of their cities in that part of the land.
Alma 22:32
32 And now, it was only the distance of a day and a half’s journey for a Nephite, on the line Bountiful and the land Desolation, from the east to the west sea (Lake Michigan); and thus the land of Nephi and the land of Zarahemla were nearly surrounded by water, there being a small neck of land between the land northward and the land southward.
Alma 22:33
33 And it came to pass that the Nephites had inhabited the land Bountiful, even from the east unto the west sea (Lake Michigan), and thus the Nephites in their wisdom, with their guards and their armies, had hemmed in the Lamanites on the south, that thereby they should have no more possession on the north, that they might not overrun the land northward.
Alma 63:5
5 And it came to pass that Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea (Lake Michigan), by the narrow neck which led into the land northward.
Alma 52:12
12 Now, the king (Ammoron) had departed out of the land of Zarahemla, and had made known unto the queen concerning the death of his brother, and had gathered together a large number of men, and had marched forth against the Nephites on the borders by the west sea (Lake Michigan).
Alma 52:13
13 And thus he was endeavoring to harass the Nephites, and to draw away a part of their forces to that part of the land, while he had commanded those whom he had left to possess the cities which he had taken, that they should also harass the Nephites on the borders by the east sea (Lake Ontario), and should take possession of their lands as much as it was in their power, according to the power of their armies.
Ether 2:7
7 And the Lord would not suffer that they should stop beyond the sea in the wilderness, but he would that they should come forth even unto the land of promise, which was choice above all other lands, which the Lord God had preserved for a righteous people.
Alma 27:22
22 And it came to pass that the voice of the people came, saying: Behold, we will give up the land of Jershon, which is on the east (Probably Lake Ontario) by the sea, which joins the land Bountiful, which is on the south of the land Bountiful; and this land Jershon is the land which we will give unto our brethren for an inheritance.
Alma 50:11
11 And thus he cut off all the strongholds of the Lamanites in the east wilderness, yea, and also on the west, fortifying the line between the Nephites and the Lamanites, between the land of Zarahemla and the land of Nephi, from the west sea (Lake Michigan), running by the head of the river Sidon—the Nephites possessing all the land northward, yea, even all the land which was northward of the land Bountiful, according to their pleasure.
Helaman 3:8
Because this verse is talking about the face of the whole earth I believe the sea west and sea east refers to the pacific and Atlantic ocean 8 And it came to pass that they did multiply and spread, and did go forth from the land southward to the land northward, and did spread insomuch that they began to cover the face of the whole earth, from the sea south (Gulf Of Mexico) to the sea north (Lake Superior), from the sea west (Pacific Ocean) (Lake Huron) to the sea east (Atlantic Ocean).
Bountiful
Alma 22:31
31 And they came from there up into the south wilderness. Thus the land on the northward was called Desolation, and the land on the southward was called Bountiful, it being the wilderness which is filled with all manner of wild animals of every kind, a part of which had come from the land northward for food.
Alma 22:32
32 And now, it was only the distance of a day and a half’s journey for a Nephite, on the line Bountiful and the land Desolation, from the east to the west sea; and thus the land of Nephi and the land of Zarahemla were nearly surrounded by water, there being a small neck of land between the land northward and the land southward.
Alma 27:22
22 And it came to pass that the voice of the people came, saying: Behold, we will give up the land of Jershon, which is on the east by the sea, which joins the land Bountiful, which is on the south of the land Bountiful; and this land Jershon is the land which we will give unto our brethren for an inheritance.
Alma 50:11
11 And thus he cut off all the strongholds of the Lamanites in the east wilderness, yea, and also on the west, fortifying the line between the Nephites and the Lamanites, between the land of Zarahemla and the land of Nephi, from the west sea, running by the head of the river Sidon—the Nephites possessing all the land northward, yea, even all the land which was northward of the land Bountiful, according to their pleasure.
Alma 50:32
32 Now behold, the people who were in the land Bountiful, or rather Moroni, feared that they would hearken to the words of Morianton and unite with his people, and thus he would obtain possession of those parts of the land, which would lay a foundation for serious consequences among the people of Nephi, yea, which consequences would lead to the overthrow of their liberty.
Alma 51:28
28 And it came to pass that they marched to the borders of the land Bountiful, driving the Nephites before them and slaying many.
Alma 51:30
30 And it came to pass that he headed Amalickiah also, as he was marching forth with his numerous army that he might take possession of the land Bountiful, and also the land northward.
Alma 51:32
32 And it came to pass that they did harass them, insomuch that they did slay them even until it was dark. And it came to pass that Teancum and his men did pitch their tents in the borders of the land Bountiful; and Amalickiah did pitch his tents in the borders on the beach by the seashore, and after this manner were they driven.
Alma 52:15
15 But behold, it came to pass in the twenty and seventh year of the reign of the judges, that Teancum, by the command of Moroni—who had established armies to protect the south and the west borders of the land, and had begun his march towards the land Bountiful, that he might assist Teancum with his men in retaking the cities which they had lost—
Alma 52:17
17 And it came to pass that Teancum made preparations to make an attack upon the city of Mulek, and march forth with his army against the Lamanites; but he saw that it was impossible that he could overpower them while they were in their fortifications; therefore he abandoned his designs and returned again to the city Bountiful, to wait for the coming of Moroni, that he might receive strength to his army.
Alma 52:18
18 And it came to pass that Moroni did arrive with his army at the land of Bountiful, in the latter end of the twenty and seventh year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi.
Alma 52:27
27 And it came to pass that the Lamanites did pursue Teancum until they came near the city Bountiful, and then they were met by Lehi and a small army, which had been left to protect the city Bountiful.
Alma 52:39
39 But behold, there were many that would not; and those who would not deliver up their swords were taken and bound, and their weapons of war were taken from them, and they were compelled to march with their brethren forth into the land Bountiful.
Alma 53:3
3 And it came to pass that after the Lamanites had finished burying their dead and also the dead of the Nephites, they were marched back into the land Bountiful; and Teancum, by the orders of Moroni, caused that they should commence laboring in digging a ditch round about the land, or the city, Bountiful.
Alma 53:4
4 And he caused that they should build a breastwork of timbers upon the inner bank of the ditch; and they cast up dirt out of the ditch against the breastwork of timbers; and thus they did cause the Lamanites to labor until they had encircled the city of Bountiful round about with a strong wall of timbers and earth, to an exceeding height.
Alma 55:26
26 And it came to pass that when he had fortified the city Gid, according to his desires, he caused that his prisoners should be taken to the city Bountiful; and he also guarded that city with an exceedingly strong force.
Alma 63:5
5 And it came to pass that Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the land northward.
Helaman 1:28
28 But when Moronihah had discovered this, he immediately sent forth Lehi with an army round about to head them before they should come to the land Bountiful.
Helaman 1:29
29 And thus he did; and he did head them before they came to the land Bountiful, and gave unto them battle, insomuch that they began to retreat back towards the land of Zarahemla.
Helaman 4:5
5 And in the fifty and seventh year they did come down against the Nephites to battle, and they did commence the work of death; yea, insomuch that in the fifty and eighth year of the reign of the judges they succeeded in obtaining possession of the land of Zarahemla; yea, and also all the lands, even unto the land which was near the land Bountiful.
Helaman 4:6
6 And the Nephites and the armies of Moronihah were driven even into the land of Bountiful;
Helaman 5:14
14 And they did remember his words; and therefore they went forth, keeping the commandments of God, to teach the word of God among all the people of Nephi, beginning at the city Bountiful;
Helaman 1:23
23 And now he did not tarry in the land of Zarahemla, but he did march forth with a large army, even towards the city of Bountiful; for it was his determination to go forth and cut his way through with the sword, that he might obtain the north parts of the land.
3 Nephi 3:23
23 And the land which was appointed was the land of Zarahemla, and the land which was between the land Zarahemla and the land Bountiful, yea, to the line which was between the land Bountiful and the land Desolation.
3 Nephi 11:1
1 And now it came to pass that there were a great multitude gathered together, of the people of Nephi, round about the temple which was in the land Bountiful; and they were marveling and wondering one with another, and were showing one to another the great and marvelous change which had taken place.
Jershon
Alma 27:23
23 And behold, we will set our armies between the land Jershon and the land Nephi, that we may protect our brethren in the land Jershon; and this we do for our brethren, on account of their fear to take up arms against their brethren lest they should commit sin; and this their great fear came because of their sore repentance which they had, on account of their many murders and their awful wickedness.
Alma 27:22
22 And it came to pass that the voice of the people came, saying: Behold, we will give up the land of Jershon, which is on the east by the sea, which joins the land Bountiful, which is on the south of the land Bountiful; and this land Jershon is the land which we will give unto our brethren for an inheritance.
Alma 27:24
24 And now behold, this will we do unto our brethren, that they may inherit the land Jershon; and we will guard them from their enemies with our armies, on condition that they will give us a portion of their substance to assist us that we may maintain our armies.
Alma 27:26
26 And it came to pass that it did cause great joy among them. And they went down into the land of Jershon, and took possession of the land of Jershon; and they were called by the Nephites the people of Ammon; therefore they were distinguished by that name ever after.
Alma 28:1
1 And now it came to pass that after the people of Ammon were established in the land of Jershon, and a church also established in the land of Jershon, and the armies of the Nephites were set round about the land of Jershon, yea, in all the borders round about the land of Zarahemla; behold the armies of the Lamanites had followed their brethren into the wilderness.
Alma 28:8
8 And this is the account of Ammon and his brethren, their journeyings in the land of Nephi, their sufferings in the land, their sorrows, and their afflictions, and their incomprehensible joy, and the reception and safety of the brethren in the land of Jershon. And now may the Lord, the Redeemer of all men, bless their souls forever.
Alma 30:1
1 Behold, now it came to pass that after the people of Ammon were established in the land of Jershon, yea, and also after the Lamanites were driven out of the land, and their dead were buried by the people of the land—
Alma 30:19
19 Now this man went over to the land of Jershon also, to preach these things among the people of Ammon, who were once the people of the Lamanites.
Alma 31:3
3 Now the Zoramites had gathered themselves together in a land which they called Antionum, which was east of the land of Zarahemla, which lay nearly bordering upon the seashore, which was south of the land of Jershon, which also bordered upon the wilderness south, which wilderness was full of the Lamanites.
Alma 35:1
1 Now it came to pass that after Amulek had made an end of these words, they withdrew themselves from the multitude and came over into the land of Jershon.
Alma 35:2
2 Yea, and the rest of the brethren, after they had preached the word unto the Zoramites, also came over into the land of Jershon.
Alma 35:6
6 And it came to pass that after they had found out the minds of all the people, those who were in favor of the words which had been spoken by Alma and his brethren were cast out of the land; and they were many; and they came over also into the land of Jershon.
Alma 35:8
8 Now the people of the Zoramites were angry with the people of Ammon who were in Jershon, and the chief ruler of the Zoramites, being a very wicked man, sent over unto the people of Ammon desiring them that they should cast out of their land all those who came over from them into their land.
Alma 35:13
13 And the people of Ammon departed out of the land of Jershon, and came over into the land of Melek, and gave place in the land of Jershon for the armies of the Nephites, that they might contend with the armies of the Lamanites and the armies of the Zoramites; and thus commenced a war betwixt the Lamanites and the Nephites, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the judges; and an account shall be given of their wars hereafter.
Alma 35:14
14 And Alma, and Ammon, and their brethren, and also the two sons of Alma returned to the land of Zarahemla, after having been instruments in the hands of God of bringing many of the Zoramites to repentance; and as many as were brought to repentance were driven out of their land; but they have lands for their inheritance in the land of Jershon, and they have taken up arms to defend themselves, and their wives, and children, and their lands.
Alma 43:4
4 For behold, it came to pass that the Zoramites became Lamanites; therefore, in the commencement of the eighteenth year the people of the Nephites saw that the Lamanites were coming upon them; therefore they made preparations for war; yea, they gathered together their armies in the land of Jershon.
Alma 43:15
15 And it came to pass as the armies of the Lamanites had gathered together in the land of Antionum, behold, the armies of the Nephites were prepared to meet them in the land of Jershon.
Alma 43:25
25 Now Moroni, leaving a part of his army in the land of Jershon, lest by any means a part of the Lamanites should come into that land and take possession of the city, took the remaining part of his army and marched over into the land of Manti.
Antionum
Alma 43:5
5 And it came to pass that the Lamanites came with their thousands; and they came into the land of Antionum, which is the land of the Zoramites; and a man by the name of Zerahemnah was their leader.
Alma 43:15
15 And it came to pass as the armies of the Lamanites had gathered together in the land of Antionum, behold, the armies of the Nephites were prepared to meet them in the land of Jershon.
Mormon 6:14
14 And Lamah had fallen with his ten thousand; and Gilgal had fallen with his ten thousand; and Limhah had fallen with his ten thousand; and Jeneum had fallen with his ten thousand; and Cumenihah, and Moronihah, and Antionum, and Shiblom, and Shem, and Josh, had fallen with their ten thousand each.
Alma 31:3
3 Now the Zoramites had gathered themselves together in a land which they called Antionum, which was east of the land of Zarahemla, which lay nearly bordering upon the seashore, (Gulf of Mexico) which was south of the land of Jershon, which also bordered upon the wilderness south, which wilderness was full of the Lamanites.
Alma 43:22
22 Behold, now it came to pass that they durst not come against the Nephites in the borders of Jershon; therefore they departed out of the land of Antionum into the wilderness, and took their journey round about in the wilderness, away by the head of the river Sidon, that they might come into the land of Manti and take possession of the land; for they did not suppose that the armies of Moroni would know whither they had gone.
The problem I have is that the “narrow neck of land” looks narrow to us because we have the advantage of bird’s-eye maps of the entire region. The Central America narrow neck has the same problem. It only looks narrow to us because of the map, and our ability to see the massive land forms of North and South American above and below it.
These Nephites were on foot. They had no maps. They couldn’t fly over the Great Lakes region and see it from that vantage point. They walked. I am not convinced at all that a person in those circumstances would call that a narrow neck of land. I think a narrow neck of land to a person like that would have to be really really narrow, like a few miles wide at most.
Your talking about a civilization that had a advanced trade system that extended for over a thousand miles. From the Gulf of Mexico to the Great lakes and the Rocky Mountains and possibly into Central America. The great Hopewell road a highway that the Hopewell built extended 60 miles from Newark to Chillicothe. I’m sure they knew that the narrow neck and narrow passage where between two large bodies of water.
If you look at the Hopewell Interaction sphere both the narrow neck and narrow passage and surrounding areas show the Hopewell where well acquainted with those areas.